Salud mental, autoestima y satisfacción vital en universitarios del sur de Chile / Mental health, self-esteem and life satisfaction among university students in southern Chile / Saúde mental, Autoestima e Satisfação com a Vida em Universitários do sul do Chile

(analítico) Los universitarios atraviesan una etapa evolutiva que los sitúa como una población propensa a presentar alteraciones de salud mental, afectando su calidad de vida general. Este trabajo analiza la relación entre salud mental, autoestima y satisfacción vital en estudiantes de una universidad del sur de Chile. Los 452 participantes, hombres y mujeres entre 18 y 24 años de distintas carreras de la universidad, respondieron cuatro instrumentos: cuestionario sociodemográfico, escala de depresión, ansiedad y estrés, escala de satisfacción con la vida y escala de autoestima. Los resultados mostraron que los estudiantes que puntuaron más alto en problemas de salud mental presentaban menor satisfacción con la vida y menor autoestima. Así mismo, se encontró que las mujeres presentan mayor prevalencia en problemas de salud mental que los hombres.

(analytical) University students experience an evolutionary stage that positions them as a population prone to mental health disorders, which affects their general quality of life. This paper analyzes the relationship between mental health, self-esteem and life satisfaction among students at a university in sout-hern Chile. The 452 participants, males and females aged between 18 and 24 studying different university degrees, answered 4 different questionnaires: Sociodemographic Questionnaire; Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale; Life Satisfaction Scale; and Self-esteem Scale. The results showed that students who scored higher regarding mental health problems had lower life satisfaction and lower self-esteem scores. It was also identified that female students have a higher prevalence of mental health problems compared to male students.

(analítico) Os estudantes universitários passam por um estágio evolutivo que os coloca como uma população propensa a transtornos de saúde mental, afetando sua qualidade de vida geral. Este artigo analisa a relação entre saúde mental, autoestima e satisfação com a vida em estudantes de uma universidade no sul do Chile. 452 participantes, homens e mulheres entre 18 e 24 anos de diferentes carreiras universitárias, respondeu a 4 instrumentos: Questionário Sociodemográfico, Escala de Depressão, Ansiedade e Estresse, Escala de Satisfação com a Vida e Escala de Autoestima. Os resultados mostraram que os alunos que pontuaram mais em problemas de saúde mental apresentaram menor satisfação com a vida e menor autoestima. Assim, verificou-se também que as mulheres apresentam maior prevalência de problemas de saúde mental do que os homens.

Association between Familism and Mental Health in College Adolescents during the COVID-19 Pandemic.

Familism, also known in the literature as allocentrism, is the cultural propensity of a society to place the family at the center of its value system. Adherence to this value has been related to less depressive symptomatology in young people; however, these results are not conclusive, since it has also been found that the influence of familism on depressive symptoms is more indirect than direct. This study aimed to explore the direct relationships between familism (allocentrism and idiocentrism) and mental health (depression, anxiety, and stress). Methodologically, the study had a non-experimental, cross-sectional, descriptive, and correlational design. A sample of 451 Chilean university students responded to an instrument composed of the subscales allocentrism, idiocentrism, depression, anxiety, and stress during the COVID-19 pandemic. The results showed that family allocentrism was positively and significantly associated with depression (γ = 0.112, p < 0.05), anxiety (γ = 0.209, p < 0.001), and stress (γ = 0.212, p < 0.001), and family idiocentrism was negatively and significantly linked with depression (γ = -0.392, p < 0.001), anxiety (γ = -0.368, p < 0.001), and stress (γ = -0.408, p < 0.001). These findings contribute to supporting actions to reduce negative symptomatology and promote greater well-being in university students.

Propiedades psicométricas de la escala APGAR-familiar en personas mayores residentes en zonas rurales multiétnicas chilenas / Psychometric properties of APGAR-family scale in a multiethnic sample of Chilean older people

Background: The APGAR-family scale is used for the assessment of family functioning in primary health care. Aim: To examine the psychometric properties of the family functioning scale APGAR-family, in a multi-ethnic sample of older Chilean adults. Material and Methods: The scale was applied to 800 participants aged more than 60 years, residing in rural areas of the regions of Arica and Parinacota and La Araucanía. Results: The Cronbach's alpha obtained was 0,992 for the scale composed of five items. The confirmatory factor analysis determined a unifactorial model, whose goodness of fit indices were satisfactory. Namely, weighted least square mean and variance adjusted-χ2 was 20.097 (p < 0.01), comparative fit index was 0.997, Tucker-Lewis index was 0.995 and Root Mean Square Error of Approximation was 0.079 (90% confidence intervals 0.049-0.091). Conclusions: The APGAR-family is a reliable and appropriate instrument to be applied in older people in Chile, specifically in elderly people residing in rural areas who belong to the Aymara and Mapuche indigenous communities.

[Psychometric properties of APGAR-family scale in a multiethnic sample of Chilean older people]. / Propiedades psicométricas de la escala APGAR-familiar en personas mayores residentes en zonas rurales multiétnicas chilenas.

BACKGROUND: The APGAR-family scale is used for the assessment of family functioning in primary health care. AIM: To examine the psychometric properties of the family functioning scale APGAR-family, in a multi-ethnic sample of older Chilean adults. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The scale was applied to 800 participants aged more than 60 years, residing in rural areas of the regions of Arica and Parinacota and La Araucanía. RESULTS: The Cronbach's alpha obtained was 0,992 for the scale composed of five items. The confirmatory factor analysis determined a unifactorial model, whose goodness of fit indices were satisfactory. Namely, weighted least square mean and variance adjusted-χ2 was 20.097 (p < 0.01), comparative fit index was 0.997, Tucker-Lewis index was 0.995 and Root Mean Square Error of Approximation was 0.079 (90% confidence intervals 0.049-0.091). CONCLUSIONS: The APGAR-family is a reliable and appropriate instrument to be applied in older people in Chile, specifically in elderly people residing in rural areas who belong to the Aymara and Mapuche indigenous communities.

Modelo participativo para el abordaje de la violencia contra las mujeres en La Araucanía, Chile / A participatory model for addressing violence against women in La Araucanía, Chile / Modelo participativo para abordagem da violência contra a mulher em La Araucanía, Chile

La violencia contra la mujer se considera un problema de salud pública que afecta a las mujeres en todo el mundo. Recientemente, el Consejo Directivo de la Organización Panamericana de la Salud declaró sus graves repercusiones sociales y económicas en la Región de las Américas y se comprometió a emprender acciones en los servicios de salud para afrontar el problema. En ese marco, se presentan los pasos de una investigación-acción-participativa (IAP), que se está desarrollando en el territorio wenteche de la región de La Araucanía de Chile, que apuesta por fortalecer los vínculos comunitarios, revalorizar los espacios de diálogo con y entre las personas del territorio, la participación social y la democracia en la generación de conocimientos pertinentes y participativos sobre este problema, y obtener información para diseñar un modelo de intervención que se adecúe a las características locales.

Violence against women is considered a public health problem that affects women worldwide. Recently, the Directing Council of the Pan American Health Organization declared its serious socioeconomic impact in the Region of the Americas and committed to undertaking actions in the health services to address this problem. Within that framework, this paper describes the steps of a participatory action research (PAR) approach that is being implemented in the Wenteche Territory of the La Araucanía region of Chile, which aims to strengthen community bonds, rekindle opportunities for dialogue with and among the people of the territory, foster social participation and democracy in the generation of pertinent, participatory knowledge regarding this problem, and obtain information to support design of an intervention model adapted to local characteristics.

A violência contra a mulher é um problema de saúde pública que atinge mulheres em todo o mundo. Recentemente, o Conselho Diretor da Organização Pan-Americana da Saúde reconheceu as sérias repercussões socioeconômicas do problema na Região das Américas e se comprometeu a realizar ações nos serviços de saúde para combatê-lo. Como parte deste enquadramento, são apresentadas as etapas de uma pesquisa-ação participativa sendo desenvolvida no território wenteche da região de La Araucanía, no Chile, que visa reforçar os vínculos na comunidade, revalorizar os espaços de diálogo com e entre os habitantes locais, a participação social e a democracia na geração de conhecimento pertinente e participativo sobre esta problemática e obter dados para a elaboração de um modelo de intervenção adequado às características locais.

Relación entre Problemas de Conducta en Adolescentes y Conflicto Interparental en Familias Intactas y Monoparentales / Relationship between Teen Behavior Problems and Interparental Conflict in Intact and Single-Parent Families / Relação entre Problemas de Comportamento em Adolescentes e Conflito Interparental em Famílias Intactas e Monoparentais

El propósito del estudio fue analizar la influencia del conflicto interparental en la aparición de problemas de conducta en adolescentes de familias intactas y monoparentales. Se utilizó un diseño explicativo que consideró prueba de medias y análisis multivariado de varianza. La muestra estuvo compuesta de 466 adolescentes de 12 a 16 años. Para la medición de las variables se utilizaron las escalas Children's Perception of Interparental Conflict (cpic) y Youth Self Report (YSR). Los resultados confirman la asociación entre conflicto interparental y problemas de conducta en los hijos, y muestran que, cuando hay conflicto en las familias intactas, se produce una mayor frecuencia de conductas externalizantes que en familias monoparentales.

The purpose of the study was to analyze the influence of interparental conflict in the emergence of behavior problems in teenagers of intact and single-parent families. An explicative design using mean difference test and MANOVA was used. The sample was comprised of 466 teens from 12 to 16 years old. The variables were measured using the Children's Perception of Interparental Conflict (CPIC) and Youth Self Report (YSR) scales. The results confirmed the association between interparental conflict and behavior problems in their children, and also reveal that, when there is conflict in intact families, a higher frequency of externalizing conduct is produced in these than in single-parent families.

O propósito deste artigo foi analisar a influência do conflito interparental no surgimento de problemas de comportamento em adolescentes de famílias intactas e monoparentais. Utilizou-se um desenho explicativo que considerou prova de médias e análise multivariada de variação. A amostra foi composta por 466 adolescentes de 12 a 16 anos. Para a medição das variáveis, foram utilizadas as escalas Children's Perception of Interparental Conflict (CPIC) e Youth Self Report (YSR). Os resultados confirmam a associação entre conflito interparental e problemas de comportamento nos filhos e mostram que, quando há conflito nas famílias intactas, se produz uma maior frequência de comportamentos externalizantes do que em famílias monoparentais.